Suchergebnisse

В современном западном мире появляются новые политические акторы, которых принято называть «сверх-богатые». Это особая каста современных элит, объединяющая политику с финансово-промышленными сферами, создающие постоянно уточняющийся контур современных элитных систем.
Соединенные Штаты в своих претензиях на безраздельное господство проводят глобальную политику диктатуры, полагаясь на собственные силы, имеющие геополитические, экономические, военные, социальные и культурные основы. Политических мир за американскими кулисами вовсе не демократический, а сугубо деловой олигархический. Ядро американской финансовой олигархии составляют примерно 120 семей и семейных кланов. Во многих случаях браки заключаются только внутри этих сообществ, что способствуют образованию крупных кланов или групп в финансовой аристократии, скрепленных общими интересами в семейных трастах и крупных наследствах. Одними из самых влиятельных олигархических кланов Америки являются династия Рокфеллеров, Бушей, клан Кеннеди, Рузвельтов. Состояние каждого из бизнес-кланов составляет не менее 1 миллиарда долларов, и вместе они контролируют 1,2 триллиона долларов. Для перехода из богатых в сверх-богатых, достаточно состояния 30 миллионов долларов, свободных для инвестирования. В статье представлены исследования по определению психологических особенностей успешного человека, приводящие его к жизненному успеху.

This article examines 2020 constitutional reform in Russia. The amendments recently were approved on July, 1st by nation-vide vote. The purpose of the article is to analyze center-region trends in Russia and how they are reflected in the proposed constitutional amendments. The prospective changes in regional representation in the federal decision-making process shall also be discussed.

The article shows how chaotic decentralization during the 90-s was replaced by a trend of centralization. The 2020 constitutional reform reflects a further strengthening of this centralization trend. The problems faced by the Russian regions are left unresolved. It is becoming an overcentralized country.

The amended Russian Constitution envisages a reformed role for the Russian State Council. It is supposed to be defined in the Constitution as a consultative body by the President and is expected to be formed of regional leaders. At the same time, the Federal Council of the Federal Assembly (the upper chamber of the Russian parliament), which represents the different constituencies, is also set to be reformed. However, after the reform some of its powers shall be restricted. The changes to regional representation in the federal decision-making process has a controversial and inconsistent character and inevitably supports the general trend towards centralization.

The subject of the article is the cases of a change of religion and the possibility of such a change, discussed on Internet forums. The article focuses on the definition of this phenomenon and the identification of its key characteristic features. At the same time, it is noted that within the framework of religious themes, forums now allow you to move from traditional means of providing information to building a vertical of communication between users. The situation with the discussion of such topics on foreign Internet forums is somewhat different from Russian trends and has its own characteristics. In foreign forums, the genre of "personal testimony" is increasingly used, which consists in detailed stories about how a person turned to another God or turned away from him altogether, thereby accomplishing a religious transgression. The main reason that sounded in the personal testimonies that prompted the transgression is that the person learned something that he did not know before, and that turned out to be incompatible with his religious picture of the world. Personal stories play an additional role - to cheer up those who have lost their faith, but do not dare to declare it openly. Statements of members of the forum confirm that Network atheism continues to gain momentum, revealing the conflict of the transition process

The paper presents the current constitutional reform in Russia focusing on the constitutional amendment concerning the international case law. The amended article 79 of the Constitution of Russian Federation restricts the international case law applicability in Russia. There was no polemic around the draft of the constitutional amendment and this restriction was accepted by experts, politicians and public without any discussion. To certain extent this unanimous acceptance could be explained by general positivistic trend in Russia. The amendment is in line with the positivistic approach to the international law formed in Russia recently. The strategic documents on the cooperation within BRICS are scrutinized showing that the positivistic approach is in line with the strategies of Russia announced previously. Based on the general scientific methods and on the method of academic foresight the authors made the following conclusions. The constitutional reform regarding international law does not affect the BRICS documents directly and it does not go against the principles of BRICS cooperation announced by Russia. However, there are certain indirect implications. It is clear that the reform deepens divergences between the BRICS countries. The differences in the approaches to the human rights, certain ideological differences will become more acute within BRICS and there is a space for political use of these differences.

The paper presents the current constitutional reform in Russia focusing on the constitutional amendment concerning the international case law. The amended article 79 of the Constitution of Russian Federation restricts the international case law applicability in Russia. There was no polemic around the draft of the constitutional amendment and this restriction was accepted by experts, politicians and public without any discussion. To certain extent this unanimous acceptance could be explained by general positivistic trend in Russia. The amendment is in line with the positivistic approach to the international law formed in Russia recently. The strategic documents on the cooperation within BRICS are scrutinized showing that the positivistic approach is in line with the strategies of Russia announced previously. Based on the general scientific methods and on the method of academic foresight the authors made the following conclusions. The constitutional reform regarding international law does not affect the BRICS documents directly and it does not go against the principles of BRICS cooperation announced by Russia. However, there are certain indirect implications. It is clear that the reform deepens divergences between the BRICS countries. The differences in the approaches to the human rights, certain ideological differences will become more acute within BRICS and there is a space for political use of these differences.

Abstract The paper presents the current constitutional reform in Russia focusing on the constitutional amendment concerning the international case law. The amended article 79 of the Constitution of Russian Federation restricts the international case law applicability in Russia. There was no polemic around the draft of the constitutional amendment and this restriction was accepted by experts, politicians and public without any discussion. To certain extent this unanimous acceptance could be explained by general positivistic trend in Russia. The amendment is in line with the positivistic approach to the international law formed in Russia recently. The strategic documents on the cooperation within BRICS are scrutinized showing that the positivistic approach is in line with the strategies of Russia announced previously. Based on the general scientific methods and on the method of academic foresight the authors made the following conclusions. The constitutional reform regarding international law does not affect the BRICS documents directly and it does not go against the principles of BRICS cooperation announced by Russia. However, there are certain indirect implications. It is clear that the reform deepens divergences between the BRICS countries. The differences in the approaches to the human rights, certain ideological differences will become more acute within BRICS and there is a space for political use of these differences.

The constitutional reforms in Russia are amongst the most significant news for Russia's partners in international relations. The configuration of international law and Russian domestic legal order falls within the scope of the constitutional changes of 2020, and there is no chance that this change will be abandoned by the legislator. This particular amendment was not actively commented on during the nationwide discussion on the constitutional reform; it drew mostly experts' attention. The article alleges that the constitutional amendment restricting the applicability of international case law in Russia is both a transient response to the instant political tension around Russia, and a formalization of the positivistic trend well established in domestic judicial practice. The positivistic trend is part of the process shaping Russia's own approach to international law. The prospective amendment concerning international case law in the Constitution of the Russian Federation will not hinder the rules expressly stated in the treaties of the EAEU. However, the resolutions of the EAEU's structures and institutions, including the case law of the Court of the EAEU, are likely to be scrutinized in a defensive way by Russian Constitutional court in situations extraordinary for the Russian State, ensuring their conformity with the unquestionable and unconditional supremacy of the Russian Constitution.

Статья посвящена вопросам появления и развития имперской идеи, как теоретического конструкта, так и в сфере практической реализации, в системе международных отношений. Актуальность данной тематики обусловлена формообразующим началом имперской идеи, ее объединяющим и интеграционным потенциалом. Кроме этого современные международные процессы все чаще пересекаются с дискурсом имперской идеи, которая используется для объяснения тех или иных действий и решений, предпринимаемых политическими акторами на международной арене. Авторы анализируют понятия «империя» и «имперская идея», прослеживая коннотационные изменения в процессе научного употребления данных терминов. Особую значимость данные проблемы приобретают на современном этапе, в условиях глобальных трансформаций всей системы международных отношений и наметившихся контуров новой международной архитектуры. Изучение отдельных аспектов функционирования, развития и гибели империй, позволяет выявить устойчивые связи в совокупности причин и наличие многовекторных течений в системе международных отношений. Авторы анализируют феномен «империи» в контексте интеграционно/дезинтеграционных процессов, выявляют особенности и исторические факторы, определяющим образом сказывающихся на динамике имперской идеи и ее практическом воплощении, при сохранении сущностных характеристик, таких как централизация власти и стремление к пространственному расширению. Весь ход мировой истории продемонстрировал, что империя – это специфический инструмент перераспределения избыточного продукта между народами в пользу более сильного государства, что позволило ему развиваться ускоренными темпами.`

The implementation of information technologies for governance fist become tasks in the program documents and later start to influence the governance itself. The technologies for strategic planning followed this algorithm. Today the information technologies play serious role in strategic planning and have their legal basis. Technologies influence the direction of strategic planning development — the transfer to the government as a platform shall impact the governance. At the same time the trends of exaggerating the role of technologic solutions and attempts to shift the problems to the technologies can be identified.

The article examines the Russian and foreign experience of granting electoral rights to foreign citizens. As part of the study of the Russian peculiarities of electoral law, it was noted that at the present stage, foreigners could vote only at the municipal level on a par with the citizens of the Russian Federation, however, an important condition is the presence of concluded bilateral international treaties. In addition, foreigners must reside in the territory of a municipality for a long period. In addition, it was noted that in the post-Soviet space, the adjacent rules of permission to elect and be elected, as in the case of Russia, are generally observed. Because of the study of the characteristic features of the electoral law of foreign states, it was revealed that in most democratic European states, foreigners are granted active suffrage in local elections, however, only subject to the relevant requirements enshrined in the laws of each country. Despite this, at the present stage there are states that allow foreign citizens to take part in federal elections. Thus, New Zealand was named one of the most inclusive countries providing broad electoral rights.

Introduction. The article is devoted to topical issues and political aspects of "trust" in the conditions of the modern crisis. This article analyzes the political aspects and manifestations of "trust" and characterizes its resource capacity depending on the level of application. Methods and materials. The article used a certain set of methods that were used to substantiate and solve problems and contributed to the achievement of the goals and objectives of the authors. The historical-retrospective method, which made it possible to trace the process of evolution and changes in the essential interpretations of "trust", can be attributed to the number of significant ones. The typological and systematic methods made it possible to identify the types of trust and reflect the resource potential of political trust. In addition, the method of actualization, which was used in the process of working on the problem, contributed to the identification of modern trends and prospects. Analysis. The authors dwell in detail on the features of the evolution of "trust" in the context of modern processes and crisis phenomena. The article analyzes various approaches to exploring the essence and characteristics of "trust" as a scientific and practical phenomenon. The levels and types of trust functioning are considered, and certain aspects that have found application in the political sphere and are actualized at the present stage are highlighted. The authors note the influence of information and communication processes on the state of public trust in political institutions, processes, and phenomena. In the context of scaling fake information, the state of counter-suggestiveness of the individual in relation to information stuffing and suggestions that differ from its value orientations, views, and beliefs is highlighted. Results. The study of the category of trust within the framework of an interdisciplinary approach allows us to attribute it to significant elements and factors of the sociopolitical process and track its dynamics under the influence of deep global transformational shifts taking place in the socio-political sphere. The authors, in their results, note the need for systematic monitoring and the accumulation of objective data on the social mood in the issue of trust in the power and the presence of threats in the conditions of dissonance of the political line of power and unsatisfied interests of citizens, which can lead to a crisis of institutional trust. Authors' contribution. R.H. Usmanov presented the justification and conceptualization of the study, took part in planning the stages of the study, summarized the results of the work, and formulated conclusions, advising on certain issues of manifestations of trust in the political sphere. O.I. Oskina carried out direct analysis and generalization of data sources and scientific literature, conducted a review and analytical study of the data, and participated in the interpretation of the results. E.V. Kudryashova collected data from sources and scientific literature, designed the manuscript and the list of references, edited and processed them, and worked with empirical data.

Corruption is a multifaced and controversial phenomenon, attracting attention of various social sciences. Conflictology considers corruption as a conflict destroying the social structure. Corruption entails the clash of different interests including interests of largescale business, government, and interests of specific officials. Society treats corporate and public governance corruption differently, aggravating the conflict and the counteraction against corruption. The court decision of 2021 sentencing the 23rd President of France Nicholas Sarkozy allows to demonstrate the controversies in public opinion to the corruption in public governance and corporations. Besides the general scientific methods, the authors addressed to the survey of students studying politics. Corruption in public governance is explicitly considered to be a menace to the society and criminal offence. Corruption in corporations is a menace from the public opinion perspective, but, at the same time, it is considered a constrained and acceptable form of work albeit unethical. Largescale corporations are issuing ethical codes with anticorruption provisions, however in fact they are inefficient and ignored by their employees. Admitting corruption to be a constrained phenomenon more harsh penalty for corrupted top managers is at the same time desirable. The corruption scandals around ex-president of France Sarkozy demonstrate the reputation losses of big multinationals while their top managers escaped the responsibility and fell out of the social opinion spotlight. The research shows the fission of interests and sophistication of social conflict around corruption.